DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STATE OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21856/j-PEP.2024.3.08Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, children, gingivitis, periodontitis, caries, candidiasis, reviewAbstract
Today, the number of people with diabetes is growing in all age groups both in our country and around the world. Diabetes is one of the most serious diseases in terms of its course and complications. It is known that diabetes destroys all types of metabolism, changes cellular and humoral immunity, is characterized by persistent hemorrhagic and neuromodulatory disorders, and slows down regenerative and reparative processes. The development of diabetic complications is associated with hyperglycemia and pathological changes in the vascular and peripheral nervous system.
Studies by Ukrainian and foreign scientists have repeatedly shown that the child's body is an integral system and that endocrine disorders are accompanied by changes in various organs and systems, including the dentition. Although periodontal tissues are the main affected organ, other dental lesions, such as caries, inflammatory and infectious diseases of the oral mucosa and salivary glands. They are more common in diabetic patients than in children without somatic lesions. The first and most common symptoms in diabetic patients are dry mouth (xerostomia) and dry lips due to dehydration with polyuria, which is especially noticeable in children with worsening diabetes. Inflammatory periodontal diseases and inflammatory-dystrophic periodontal diseases occupy a special place among the symptoms of diabetes in the oral cavity in diabetic children. Vascular damage is of prime importance in the development of periodontal tissue inflammation in diabetic patients. Microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus enhances the process of bone resorption.
The analysis of scientific material shows that there are significant pathological changes in the oral cavity of children with diabetes mellitus, which increase the dynamics of the disease and worsen its course.
Therefore, the planning of dental treatment of patients with diabetes at each clinical stage should be based on a clear understanding of all etiological relationships, manifestations of various forms of diabetes in the oral cavity and their relationship with the corrected state of carbohydrate metabolism.
A literature search was conducted using the databases Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, MedLine, EMBASE and Global Health.
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