MATERNAL BODY WEIGHT AND SERUM INSULIN AND LEPTIN LEVELS AS PREDICTORS OF ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS OF NEWBORNS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21856/j-PEP.2024.2.04Keywords:
leptin, insulin, pre-pregnancy body weight, gestational weight gain, anthropometric indicators of newbornsAbstract
Background. The maternal excessive body weight during pregnancy is associated with a macrosomia of newborns and the child obesity. The aim of the study was to determine the association between maternal body weight and serum insulin and leptin levels with body weight and height of newborns.
Materials and Methods. We have studied 209 pregnant with different pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): 143 women with normal, 18 with insufficient, 23 with excessive BMI and 25 with obesity. The examinations were performed in each trimester (9-12, 22-24, 37-40 weeks). BMI (kg/m2), gestational weight gain (GWG) (kg) were calculated. Serum insulin and leptin levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The results were statistically analyzed using Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA) and Microsoft Excel statistical analysis package.
Results. The chances of macrosomia increased in 6.3 times (OR=6.34; 95%CI: 1.76-22.92; p<0.01) and 8.9 times (8.88; 2.69-29.36; p<0.001) respectively in excessive BMI and obesity of women before pregnancy, the chances of low birth weight of newborns increased in 7.9 times (7.89; 1.90-32.79; p<0.01) in insufficient BMI, compared to normal BMI women. The frequency of low body weight of newborns was 5.7-fold higher in case of insufficient GWG, and the frequency of macrosomia was 4.7-fold higher in excessive GWG compared to the recommended GWG (in both cases p<0.05). It has been proven that when the maternal serum insulin level >11.3 mIU/L and leptin level > 20.8 ng/ml in the second trimester, the chances of macrosomia (≥4000 g) increase ((3.94; 95% CI: 2.63-5.92; p<0.001) and (3.51; 95% CI: 1.32-10.14; p<0.05) respectively). The chances of low birth weight (<2500 g) were higher in serum leptin level <18.2 ng/ml (3.73; 95%CI: 1.40-10.21; p<0.05) in the second trimester.
Conclusions. Maternal serum insulin and leptin concentrations associated with pre-pregnancy body weight and GWG are significantly related to birth weight of newborns, with no significant association with height.
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