THE CHANGES IN THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM OF MEN WITH POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISODER DUE TO COMBAT OPERATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21856/j-PEP.2023.4.08Keywords:
combat operations, combat traumas, hormonal changes, acute stress, PTSD, reviewAbstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric decoder that develops due to experienced or witnessed traumatic events and combat trauma. A person experiences intense fear which induces the changes in the internal environment of human organism. Human organism reacts by releasing of certain hormones. Nowadays, it has been proven that nervous and endocrine systems are the first to respond to acute stress which later transforms into PTSD.
Two data bases – PubMed та Google Scholar have been investigated in this literature review. The articles which contain such terms as “men”, “war”, “veterans”, “PTSD”, “psychological interventions”, “therapy”, “disorders in combatants due to military operations/ diagnosis”, “stress”, “acute stress”, “endocrine disorders” have been included.
The ways of response to stress of activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system which cause the abnormal stress hormones releasing in men with PTSD have been discussed in this review. It has been detected that men with PTSD have demonstrated changes in hormones levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonads axes, the abnormalities of noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotoninergic ways. It is considered these changes cause different symptoms of PTSD – increased anxiety, increased hypertension, heart and respiratory rate; emotional dysregulation, fears, sexual disorders etc. Moreover, PTSD is the complex condition which includes the disturbance of many neuroendocrine systems, not only links to dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. These unique changes testify to the individuals with PTSD have demonstrated clear pathomorphological changes.
In total, the complex interaction between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonads axes emphasizes the importance of further researchers for better understanding of PTSD᾿ mechanisms of development and methods of correction.
Therefore, the role of different hormones in the PTSD development in the militaries which experienced combat trauma is the main priority of future clinical and preclinical investigations of PTSD. It will help to understand the role of these hormones in the PTSD᾿ pathophysiology, reveal new trends in the therapeutic methods and new drugs will be developed. Besides, it is important to point out, that during treatment of patients with PTSD not only stress hormones should be taken into account.
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